a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

                   a_____2a______a_____a      (mol)

                \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

                    b_____3b_______b_____\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)b         (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=36,1\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{21,28}{22,4}=0,95\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,5\cdot56=28\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=8,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b+c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2a+3b=1,9\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,9}{0,2}=9,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(1)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,2mol\\ \%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{29,2}\cdot100=44,52\%\\ \%m_{ZnO}=100-44,52=55,48\%)))2\)

\(2)n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{29,2-0,2.65}{81}=0,2mol\\ ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\\ n_{ZnO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2mol\\ C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,2+0,2}{0,5}=0,8M\)

a) Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 65a + 56b = 7,35 (1)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

           a---->2a------->a------>a

             Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

             b------>2b----->b------>b

=> \(a+b=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

=> a + b = 0,12 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,07; b = 0,05

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,07.65}{7,35}.100\%=61,9\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{7,35}.100\%=38,1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) n_HCl(dư) = 0,3.1 - 0,07.2 - 0,05.2 = 0,06 (mol)

PTHH: Ca(OH)₂ + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + 2H₂O

             0,03<-----0,06

=> \(x=C_{M\left(ddCa\left(OH\right)_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,1}=0,3M\)

c) Chất rắn thu được là Fe₂O₃

Bảo toàn Fe: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(a=m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,025.160=4\left(g\right)\)

Kết tủa thu được là Fe(OH)₂

Bảo toàn Fe: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05.90=4,5\left(g\right)\)

-

Fe₂O₃ + 6HCl --> 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂O

Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

- 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.18,25}{100.36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

          0,2<----0,4<---------------0,2

            Fe₂O₃ + 6HCl --> 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂O

            0,1<-----0,6

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,2.24}{0,2.24+0,1.160}.100\%=23,077\%\\\%Fe_2O_3=\dfrac{0,1.160}{0,2.24+0,1.160}.100\%=76,923\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

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